TURNING TOWARD THE
SOURCE:
CHINUL AND KOREAN ZEN
Ozmo Piedmont
Chinul was an innovator and a bit
of rebel for Buddhist Zen theory and implementation of meditation techniques. He
lived in the 12th century in Korea ,
a time of social upheaval, corruption, and unrest. The Buddhist church at that time was
degenerating and corrupt, mingling with commerce and politics. Chinul abandoned ties with the Buddhist church
hierarchy to re-establish spiritual orientation of the clergy, attempting to
reform Buddhism from outside the systems court and government. He was a Son/Zen adherent primarily and
ordained in the lineage of Southern Chan of China ,
but never received formal transmission from a Son master nor did he stay with
any master for a long time. He was never
inspired to make a pilgrimage to China ,
so had to find guidance through the study of Buddhist sutras themselves. He had a natural eclecticism, borrowing from whatever
teaching of scripture he found helpful.
These influences shaped Chinul’s understanding, resulting in reformation
and synthesis of all the prevailing schools of Buddhism at that time, which he
summarized himself as Sudden Awakening and Gradual cultivation. The following paper will give a brief
description of Chinul’s philosophy and meditation techniques, and his
recommendations for ongoing practice.
The final part of the paper will give some personal reflections on how
Chinul’s philosophy is echoed in many other Zen teachers both ancient and
modern.